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KMID : 1024520090180101171
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Journal of the Environmental Sciences
2009 Volume.18 No. 10 p.1171 ~ p.1179
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Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Development of Sea Peach Halocynthia aurantium
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Lee Chu
Park Min-Woo
Lee Chae-Sung
Kim Su-Kyoung
Kim Wan-Ki
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Abstract
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The solitary ascidian, Halocynthia aurantium, which is commonly called the sea peach because of its coloration
and general shape, is a valuable organism of benthic marine population in the northern region of the
East Sea, Korea. It is seldom found at a depth of less than 10 meters and the sea peach is frequently observed
in large populations between 20 and 100 meters. It appears to prefer attachment to vertical rocks faces and
artificial cement blocks exposed to the currents. Mass mortality and reduction of resources in sea peach, H.
aurantium, were occurred in the benthic area of the northern region of the East Sea because of the rapid
fluctuation of environmental factors such as temperature and salinity due to mass rainfall in summer and going
up north of a strong warm current in winter. Therefore, we examined the effects of temperature and salinity
on embryonic development of fertilized eggs, tadpole larva to metamorphosis, and attachment to siphon
development. Laboratory-raised larvae were studied using a two-factorial experimental design with four levels
of temperature(8, 12, 16 and 20 ℃) and four levels of salinity(20, 25, 30 and 34 psu). The ascidian larvae
of H. aurantium survived environmental conditions between temperature of 8～20 ℃ and salinity of 25～34
psu and exhibited positive growth at 8～16 ℃ and 30～34 psu. Fertilized eggs have not developed at lower
salinity of 20 psu irrespective of temperature range tested and have showed an abnormal development at the
salinity of 25 psu between higher temperatures of 20 and 24 ℃. This result suggests that temperature increase
and salinity reduction depending on environmental fluctuation may have significant impacts on population variation
of H. aurantium in the northern region of the East Sea.
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KEYWORD
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Ascidian, Embryonic development, Larvae, Temperature, Salinity, Halocynthia aurantium
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